Tabriz University of Medical Sciences BioImpacts 2228-5652 12 6 2022 11 05 Role of nanostructured lipid carriers in the expression alterations of ATP-binding cassette transporter genes in fluconazole-resistant Candida glabrata 561 566 10.34172/bi.2022.23825 EN Maryam Moazeni https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6581-2139 Majid Saeedi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2617-9961 Hamidreza Kelidari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5840-7423 Behrad Roohi Mohammad T Hedayati https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-4648 Tahereh Shokohi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3094-8436 Mojtaba Nabili https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1461-4164 Kofi Asare-Addo https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6824-5336 Ali Nokhodchi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3244-2482 Journal Article 10.34172/bi.2022.23825 2021 05 09 2022 02 13 Introduction: This study was proposed to assess the potential role of efflux transporters in reversing fluconazole resistance in Candida glabrata isolates treated with fluconazole loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (FLZ-NLCs). Methods: The ultrasound technique was used to synthesize the FLZ-NLCs. Four fluconazole-resistant, as well as one susceptible standard C. glabrata isolates, were applied and exposed to FLZ/ FLZ-NLCs for 20 h at 37°C. Real-time PCRs were done to estimate the likely changes in ATP-binding cassette transporter genes. Results: Similar to the FLZ-exposed-susceptible standard strain which showed no alteration, the genes were not up-regulated significantly under the FLZ-NLCs treated condition. While they were over-expressed when the yeasts were treated with fluconazole. Conclusion: It is highly suggested that due to the nature of the NLCs which shields the whole conformation of the drug, FLZ is not recognized by the efflux transporter subunits and consequently the translocation would not happen.