Tabriz University of Medical Sciences BioImpacts 2228-5652 15 1 2025 01 19 Mesenchymal stem cells as a therapeutic strategy to combat oxidative stress-mediated neuropathic pain 30648 30648 10.34172/bi.30648 EN Aidin Shahrezaei https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9833-1909 Maryam Sohani https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9166-3104 Farinaz Nasirinezhad https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6285-1036 Journal Article 10.34172/bi.30648 2024 07 31 2024 09 30 Neuropathic pain, a chronic condition resulting from somatosensory system damage, remains a significant clinical challenge due to its complex pathophysiology and inadequate response to traditional therapies. Oxidative stress, characterized by an imbalance between free radicals production and antioxidant defenses, plays a pivotal role in the development and maintenance of neuropathic pain. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are multipotent stromal cells with the ability to differentiate into various cell types and possess immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, and regenerative properties, making them promising candidates for novel pain management strategies. Preclinical studies demonstrate that MSCs can reduce inflammation, scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS), promote nerve regeneration, and modulate pain signaling pathways. Various administration routes, including intravenous and intrathecal, have been investigated to optimize MSC delivery and efficacy. Additionally, MSC-derived extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a cell-free alternative with substantial therapeutic potential. Despite encouraging preclinical findings, further research is needed to refine MSC-based therapies, including the exploration of combination treatments and rigorous clinical trials, to translate these promising results into effective clinical applications for neuropathic pain relief. This review explores the therapeutic potential of MSCs in alleviating oxidative stress-mediated neuropathic pain.