Tabriz University of Medical Sciences BioImpacts 2228-5652 15 1 2025 01 19 Overview of dendritic cells subsets and their involvement in immune-related pathological disease 30671 30671 10.34172/bi.30671 EN Mohsen Abbaszadeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6405-8688 Bahar Naseri Mohammad Taghizadeh-Teymorloei https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7783-8982 Amirhossein Mardi Mohammad Reza Javan Javad Masoumi Farid Ghorbaninezhad Amirhossein Hatami‐Sadr Şengül Tural Behzad Baradaran Mohammad Reza Sadeghi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7676-4168 Journal Article 10.34172/bi.30671 2024 08 30 2024 11 19 Dendritic cells (DCs) are specialized antigen-presenting cells (APCs) in linking innate and adaptive immune responses. In addition to presenting antigens to T cells, DCs must also provide co-stimulatory signals along with cytokines for T cells to induce an appropriate cellular immune response. Tolerance is also established and maintained by DCs under homeostatic circumstances. There is remarkable phenotypic heterogeneity in DCs, each with different functional flexibility and specific expression of various markers. The three primary categories of DCs comprise conventional DCs (cDCs), plasmacytoid DCs (pDCs), and monocyte-derived DCs (moDCs). Langerhans cells (LCs) are another type of DCs, which are found in the skin's epidermal layer. DCs may be positioned or triggered inappropriately as a result of dysregulation of DC. This phenomenon can cause an imbalance in immune responses and even immune-related pathological disorders, i.e., autoimmune diseases and malignancies. Herein, by reviewing the ontogeny, biology, characteristics, and function of DCs subsets in immune system, we discuss the contribution of these cells in the mentioned immune-related disorders.