Tabriz University of Medical Sciences BioImpacts 2228-5652 15 1 2025 01 19 Free and encapsulated stem cells for skin regeneration 30806 30806 10.34172/bi.30806 EN Kimia Esmaeilzadeh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-7710 Sina Farzi Molan Farshid Sefat Samad Nadri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1523-3152 Journal Article 10.34172/bi.30806 2024 10 14 2025 01 04 Optimal skin healing is a sophisticated, coordinated process involving cellular and molecular interactions. Disruptions in this process can result in chronic wounds, necessitating medical intervention, particularly when the damage surpasses the body's regenerative capabilities. In response, novel therapies, especially tissue engineering and stem cell treatments, have been devised to restore tissue architecture and maximum functionality. Stem cells, which can differentiate into diverse cell types and regulate immune responses, hold significant potential for wound healing. Research demonstrates that integrating stem cells with scaffolds expedites this process, with numerous therapies advancing from laboratory studies to clinical trials. This review examines fundamental principles, classifications of stem cells, mechanisms, therapeutic applications, and challenges associated with stem cell encapsulation in wound healing.