Tabriz University of Medical Sciences BioImpacts 2228-5652 15 1 2025 01 19 microRNAs shuttled by mesenchymal stromal cell-derived exosomes in coronary artery disease: A systematic review of preclinical studies 30989 30989 10.34172/bi.30989 EN Soroush Mostafavi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8342-7821 Amin Arasteh https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2249-3075 Seyedeh Mina Mostafavi Montazeri https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2094-0310 Seyyedeh Mina Hejazian https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9154-9581 Farahnoosh Farnood https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1199-6881 Sima Abediazar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8694-4082 Abolfazl Barzegari https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-3618 Sepideh Zununi Vahed https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0179-4562 Journal Article 10.34172/bi.30989 2025 02 02 2025 05 28 Introduction: Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a life-threatening cardiac condition with high morbidity and mortality worldwide. This systematic review article highlighted the therapeutic roles of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs)-derived exosomal microRNAs (exo-miRs) in preclinical models of CAD. Methods: A comprehensive search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify relevant publications until 04 Apr 2025. The literature review focuses on the origin of MSCs, the technique employed for exosome extraction and identification, the route and frequency of exosomal administration, the mechanisms through which exo-miRs regulate paracrine activity, and their impact on cardiac outcome. Results: After meticulous evaluation, fifty-six studies were deemed eligible for inclusion in this systematic review. Bone marrow-derived MSCs were the most commonly utilized cell type in the preclinical studies. The majority of studies employed the ultracentrifugation method for exosome isolation from MSCs. The administration of exosomes was primarily achieved through a single intramyocardial injection, utilizing a wide range of exosome concentrations (ranging from 0.02-400 μg/μL). Conclusion: The included studies predominantly have reported the anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptotic, angiogenic, antifibrotic, and reparative effects of MSC-exo-miRs, especially under hypoxic conditions. These findings support the capacity of MSC-exo-miRs to regulate the immune system and facilitate cardiac recovery following an injury.