Tabriz University of Medical Sciences BioImpacts 2228-5652 16 1 2026 01 04 The promising applications of 3D printing technology for diagnosis and therapy of cancer: Recent advances and challenges 32895 32895 10.34172/bi.32895 EN Mohsen Farrokhpour https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-5437 Safa Samadzadeh Etehadi https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0454-4262 Pejman Hassanpoor https://orcid.org/0009-0008-7418-0274 Tola Abdulsattar Faraj Ayad H. Hasan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-2254 Vesal Abbasian Sargol Aminnezhad Mohammadreza Azimi https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8490-2500 Soheila Kashanian Mehran Alavi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5691-8326 Journal Article 10.34172/bi.32895 2025 10 02 2026 02 18 Using structured materials and special molecules, scientists can create synthetic materials that can change their properties in a controlled and efficient way, resulting in useful functions. These characteristics remind us of the most popular designs found in nature. Specifically, they can produce strong structures when needed, store information, cause movement, and hold and release therapeutic agents. These macromolecular systems can be created using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology that can respond to human physiological conditions. In this review, the reasons for this progress are explained, and the potential future developments for macromolecules with specific functions are discussed. This review delves into the advancements in 3D printing technology and polymeric nanomaterials, particularly in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. In addition, it highlights the versatility of these materials in creating intricate scaffolds with enhanced therapeutic properties, leveraging nanotechnology to improve cell interactions.