Abstract
Introduction: Nanocapsules,
existing in miniscule size, range from 10 nm to 1000 nm. They consist
of a liquid/solid core in which the drug is placed into a cavity, which
is surrounded by a distinctive polymer membrane made up of natural or
synthetic polymers. They have attracted great interest, because of the
protective coating, which are usually pyrophoric and easily oxidized and
delay the release of active ingredients.
Methods: Various
technical approaches are utilized for obtaining the nanocapsules;
however, the methods of interfacial polymerization for monomer and the
nano-deposition for preformed polymer are chiefly preferred. Most
important characteristics in their preparation is particle size and size
distribution which can be evaluated by using various techniques like
X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron
microscopy, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, X-ray
photoelectron spectroscopy, superconducting quantum interference device,
multi angle laser light scattering and other spectroscopic techniques.
Results: Nanocapsules
possessing extremely high reproducibility have a broad range of life
science applications. They may be applied in agrochemicals, genetic
engineering, cosmetics, cleansing products, wastewater treatments,
adhesive component applications, strategic delivery of the drug in
tumors, nanocapsule bandages to fight infection, in radiotherapy and as
liposomal nanocapsules in food science and agriculture. In addition,
they can act as self-healing materials.
Conclusion: The
enhanced delivery of bioactive molecules through the targeted delivery
by means of a nanocapsule opens numerous challenges and opportunities
for the research and future development of novel improved therapies.