Kamyar Khoshnevisan
1,2* 
, Mohammad J. Eslamizade
1,2, Forough Shams
3,1* 1 Medical Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Tissue Engineering and Applied Cell Sciences, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
In today's rapidly advancing field of medical research, non-coding RNA (ncRNA) and nanomedicine have emerged as promising areas of study for therapeutic and diagnostic approaches. ncRNAs, previously considered "junk DNA" and hence insignificant, are now being documented for their remarkably extraordinary regulatory roles in gene expression and various cellular processes. These molecules acquire various forms, comprising microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), and small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), each with its distinct functions. The enormous benefits of ncRNA therapies include ease of sequence design and creation, functional flexibility, charge and protection, and the opportunity for patient-specific management. Nanomedicine, on the other hand, combines nanotechnology and medicine through developing innovative solutions for disease treatment and diagnosis. This article provides an overview of the technical aspects and potential of commercializing the design and targeting of ncRNAs using nanocarriers and nano-delivery systems for miRNA delivery. Furthermore, the impact of nanomedicine on the healthcare industry, as well as its therapeutic and diagnostic applications, has been investigated. Overall, this study will provide insight into novel systems for the treatment and diagnosis of ncRNA.