Immune-modulatory biomimetic nanoparticles: Advances in design, mechanisms, and nanomedicine applications

Abstract

The development of biomimetic nanoparticles (NPs) represents an innovative approach to address the lacks of conventional drug delivery systems. This advancement demonstrates promising potential in immunotherapy. Biomimetic NPs imitate biological structures to improve the effectiveness of drug delivery and enhance interactions with cancer cells. Their beneficial features include biocompatibility, long circulation time, tissue specificity, enhanced drug absorption, and low toxicity. Recent advancements confirm the efficacy of biomimetic NPs especially cell-membrane coated biomimetic NPs in immune modulation in cancer and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, their integration with innovative gene engineering techniques, such as mRNA therapeutics and CRISPR-Cas9, for immune system targeting represents a novel therapeutic approach. This editorial explains the potential of biomimetic NPs in tumor immunotherapy and precision medicine, as well as the challenges they face in clinical translation, including biodistribution, long-term biosafety, the risk of unexpected activation of the immune system and scalability. Future recommendations emphasize the use of advanced biosensing tracking systems and the standardization of production for medicinal translation. BioImpacts invites researchers and scholars involved in this interdisciplinary field to collaborate to advance innovation at the intersection of nanotechnology and immunology.

Keywords: Biomimetic nanoparticles, Immunotherapy, Immune modulation, Nanomedicine, Cell membrane-coated nanoparticles, Precision medicine, mRNA therapeutics, CRISPR-Cas9