SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-triggered autoimmunity: Molecular mimicry and/or bystander activation of the immune system

Azam Safary ^1,2 , Mostafa Akbarzadeh-Khiavi ³ , Jaleh Barar ⁴ , Yadollah Omidi ² *

Cited by CrossRef: 6

1- Arévalo-Cortés A, Rodriguez-Pinto D, Aguilar-Ayala L, Mageed R. Evidence for Molecular Mimicry between SARS‐CoV‐2 and Human Antigens: Implications for Autoimmunity in COVID‐19. Autoimmune Diseases. 2024;2024(1) [Crossref]

2- Hsiung K, Chiang H, Reinig S, Shih S. Vaccine Strategies Against RNA Viruses: Current Advances and Future Directions. Vaccines. 2024;12(12):1345 [Crossref]

3- Zhang Y, Zhang H, Lv K, Lin X, Chen F, Cao H, Chen C. Retinal Vascular Occlusion Following COVID-19 Vaccination: A Comprehensive Review of Observational Study and Pathophysiological Mechanisms. Vaccines. 2025;13(7):733 [Crossref]

4- Erdoğdu B, Kaplan O, Çelebier M, Malkan Ü, Haznedaroğlu İ. Hepatic Metabolic Dysregulation as a Potential Amplifier of Leukemogenesis Following mRNA Vaccination: A Novel Mechanistic Hypothesis. Medicina. 2025;61(9):1687 [Crossref]

5- Kloub M, Elfert K, Rosado F, Elnajjar A, Eldesouki M, Abusalim A. Seronegative Autoimmune Hepatitis Following Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Infection. 2025; [Crossref]

6- Gopalaswamy R, Aravindhan V, Subbian S. The Ambivalence of Post COVID-19 Vaccination Responses in Humans. Biomolecules. 2024;14(10):1320 [Crossref]

7- Yong S, Kenny T, Halim A, Munipalli B, Alhashem Y, AlSaihati H, Al‐Subaie M, Al Kaabi N, Al Fares M, Garout M, Sabour A, Alshiekheid M, Almansour Z, Alotaibi J, Alrasheed H, Alamri A, Albayat H, Alamodi A, Tombuloglu H, Mohapatra R, Hazazi A, Rabaan A. Post‐COVID‐19 Vaccination (or Long Vax) Syndrome: Putative Manifestation, Pathophysiology, and Therapeutic Options. Reviews in Medical Virology. 2025;35(5) [Crossref]

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