Mohsen Farrokhpour
1 
, Safa Samadzadeh Etehadi
2 , Pejman Hassanpoor
3 , Tola Abdulsattar Faraj
4, Ayad H. Hasan
5,6 , Vesal Abbasian
7, Sargol Aminnezhad
8, Mohammadreza Azimi
9* , Soheila Kashanian
10,11, Mehran Alavi
12* 1 Firouzgar Hospital, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
2 Department of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
3 Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, Rouzbahan Institute of Higher Education, Sari, Iran
4 Department of Medical Analysis, Faculty of Applied Science, Tishk International University, Erbil, Iraq
5 Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cihan University-Erbil, Erbil, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
6 Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Science and Health, Koya University, Koya, KOY45, Kurdistan Region, Iraq
7 School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
8 Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
9 Department of biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Saveh Branch, Islamic Azad University, Saveh, Iran
10 Faculty of Chemistry, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971, Iran
11 Nanobiotechnology Department, Faculty of Innovative Science and Technology, Razi University, Kermanshah, 6714414971, Iran
12 Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Kurdistan, Iran
Abstract
Using structured materials and special molecules, scientists can create synthetic materials that can change their properties in a controlled and efficient way, resulting in useful functions. These characteristics remind us of the most popular designs found in nature. Specifically, they can produce strong structures when needed, store information, cause movement, and hold and release therapeutic agents. These macromolecular systems can be created using three-dimensional (3D) printing technology that can respond to human physiological conditions. In this review, the reasons for this progress are explained, and the potential future developments for macromolecules with specific functions are discussed. This review delves into the advancements in 3D printing technology and polymeric nanomaterials, particularly in the diagnosis and therapy of cancer. In addition, it highlights the versatility of these materials in creating intricate scaffolds with enhanced therapeutic properties, leveraging nanotechnology to improve cell interactions.